• n. [氣象] 臺(tái)風(fēng)

來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ) typhon,旋風(fēng)，可能來(lái)自 typhein,冒煙，詞源同 typhus,或來(lái)自 PIE*dheub,深的，地 底的，詞源同 deep.后用于指熱帶風(fēng)暴臺(tái)風(fēng)最早見(jiàn)于 16 世紀(jì)在南亞和東亞附近開(kāi)拓殖民地的 葡萄牙人的描述，據(jù)說(shuō)是來(lái)自阿拉伯語(yǔ) tufan,怒吼的風(fēng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)暴，可能為擬聲詞，也有 說(shuō)法是該阿拉伯詞原為借自希臘語(yǔ) typhon,旋風(fēng)。但同時(shí)，詞義和拼寫(xiě)又同時(shí)受到漢語(yǔ)臺(tái)風(fēng) 的影響。令人抓狂的是，漢語(yǔ)臺(tái)風(fēng)在詞源上同樣說(shuō)不清楚，較常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法有來(lái)自廣東話大風(fēng) 變音，或因從臺(tái)灣海峽進(jìn)入大陸，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)臺(tái)風(fēng)，還有一種說(shuō)法就是荷蘭人占領(lǐng)臺(tái)灣后，借用自 希臘語(yǔ) typhon,旋風(fēng)，最后普通話翻譯為臺(tái)風(fēng)。更多參照百度百科。

typhoon

typhoon: [16] A typhoon is etymologically a ‘great wind’. The word was adapted from Cantonese Chinese daai feng ‘great wind’, its form no doubt influenced by Greek Tūphón, father of the winds in Greek mythology (his name was derived from the verb túphein ‘smoke’, which also produced túphos ‘smoke’, hence ‘fever causing delusion’, source of English stew, typhoid, and typhus).

typhoon (n.)

Tiphon "violent storm, whirlwind, tornado," 1550s, from Greek typhon "whirlwind," personified as a giant, father of the winds, perhaps from typhein "to smoke" (see typhus), but according to Watkins from PIE *dheub- "deep, hollow," via notion of "monster from the depths." The meaning "cyclone, violent hurricane of India or the China Seas" is first recorded 1588 in Thomas Hickock's translation of an account in Italian of a voyage to the East Indies by Caesar Frederick, a merchant of Venice:

concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come. ["The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies"]

This sense of the word, in reference to titanic storms in the East Indies, first appears in Europe in Portuguese in the mid-16th century. It aparently is from tufan, a word in Arabic, Persian, and Hindi meaning "big cyclonic storm." Yule ["Hobson-Jobson," London, 1903] writes that "the probability is that Vasco [da Gama] and his followers got the tufao ... direct from the Arab pilots."

The Arabic word sometimes is said to be from Greek typhon, but other sources consider it purely Semitic, though the Greek word might have influenced the form of the word in English. Al-tufan occurs several times in the Koran for "a flood or storm" and also for Noah's Flood. Chinese (Cantonese) tai fung "a great wind" also might have influenced the form or sense of the word in English, and that term and the Indian one may have had some mutual influence; toofan still means "big storm" in India.

From the thighs downward he was nothing but coiled serpents, and his arms which, when he spread them out, reached a hundred leagues in either direction, had countless serpents' heads instead of hands. His brutish ass-head touched the stars, his vast wings darkened the sun, fire flashed from his eyes, and flaming rocks hurtled from his mouth. [Robert Graves, "Typhon," in "The Greek Myths"]

1. The typhoon sank a ferry, drowning over 200 people.

那場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)使一條渡船沉沒(méi), 淹死200多人.

來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》

2. A typhoon is now approaching Hong Kong.

臺(tái)風(fēng)現(xiàn)正逼近香港.

來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》

3. The typhoon uprooted numerous trees.

臺(tái)風(fēng)把許多樹(shù)連根拔起.

來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》

4. In May a typhoon hit the Philippines.

5月,臺(tái)風(fēng)襲擊了菲律賓.

來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》

5. The typhoon hit the coastal areas.

臺(tái)風(fēng)侵襲沿海地區(qū).

來(lái)自《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》