stout是什么意思

stout

英 [sta?t] 美 [sta?t]

1. stand + out => stout.
2. 站如松，坐如鐘。
3. 司陶特(Stout)黑啤酒, 又名"黑啤", 是一種愛爾蘭生產的著名上面發酵黑啤酒。

stout 勇敢的，強壯的，粗壯的，肥壯的

來自古法語 estout,勇敢的，狂暴的，驕傲的，來自 Proto-Germanic*stultaz,雄壯的，莊嚴的，沉穩的，來自 PIE*stel,放置，站立，詞源同 stall,still.字母 l 軟化為 u.詞義貶義化為粗壯的，肥壯的。

stout: stout: [14] Stout originally meant ‘proud, brave’. It came via Anglo-Norman stout from a prehistoric West Germanic *stult- (source also of German stolz ‘proud’), which may have been related to the ancestor of English stilt. The notion of ‘braveness’ led on to that of ‘physical strength’ and ‘powerful physique’, but the word did not go downhill to ‘fat’ until the end of the 18th century. The application to a sort of strong beer dates from the 17th century.
=> stilt
stout (adj.): c. 1300, "proud, valiant, strong," from Old French estout "brave, fierce, proud," earlier estolt "strong," from a Germanic source from West Germanic *stult- "proud, stately, strutting" (cognates: Middle Low German stolt "stately, proud," German stolz "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"), from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)). Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from late 14c., but has been displaced by the (often euphemistic) meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large, bulky in figure," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in figurative phrase stout-hearted (1550s). Related: Stoutly; stoutness.
stout (n.): 1670s, "strong beer or ale," from stout (adj.). Later especially, and now usually, "porter of extra strength" (by 1762).

2. The invasion was held up by unexpectedly stout resistance.: 入侵行動因遭遇到了出乎意料的頑強抵抗而受阻。